Handbook of the Apocalypse of the Apostle John, Pseudo-Jerome (late 7th century Irish author) in Early Latin Commentaries on the Apocalypse, ed. Francis X Gumerlock (p. 31):
19. Ark of the covenant in heaven, the heavenly Jerusalem, that is, the souls of the saints. Hail, persecution.
12:1. A woman clothed, "the church." Moon, those who are weaker since they wax and wane. A crown of twelve stars, the teaching of the twelve apostles in the beginning of the church.
2. Having [a child] in the womb, [having] Christ in her heart. Giving birth to some in faith. She is tormented by persecutors.
...
5. In the way that Mary gave birth to Christ, so the church gives birth to Christian people.
On the Mysteries of the Apocalypse of John, Anonymous (8th century Irish author) in Early Latin Commentaries on the Apocalypse, ed. Francis X Gumerlock (p. 65):
19. The temple of God in heaven was opened, that is, the body of Christ was manifested in the church. And the ark, that is, Holy Scripture or the flesh of Christ.
12:1. Great signs, that is, the Word made flesh (John 1:14). [In heaven], in the church. A woman clothed with the sun, that is, the church defended by Christ in baptism and clothed by Christ in good works. The moon under her feet, that is, the church which is lower, subjected to the higher ranks. And on her head twelve stars, that is, on Christ, who is the head of the church, "twelve apostles."
Exposition on the Apocalypse of John, Theodulf of Orléans (d. 821, written 810), in Carolingian Commentaries on the Apocalypse by Theodulf and Smaragdus, Francis X Gumerlock trans. (p. 51)
19. And the temple of God in heaven was opened, and the ark of the covenant was seen "in heaven," that is, "the heavenly Jerusalem, that is, the souls of the saints." Hail, persecution.
12:1 A great sign in heaven, God who became man or the church in faith. A woman clothed with the sun, that is, the church [clothed] by Christ. The moon under her feet, that is, the lower church, through which the evangelical word of the ministers traverses. And on her head, that is, on the leaders of the church or on Christ, a crown, that is, the church which prefigured in the twelve sons of Jacob or the "twelve apostles."
